Beet leaf (beta vulgaris L.) extract attenuates iron-induced testicular toxicity: Experimental and computational approach

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect Beta vulgaris leaf extract (BVLE) on Fe2+-induced oxidative testicular damage via experimental and computational models. Oxidative induced incubation tissue supernatant with 0.1 mM FeSO4 for 30 min at 37 °C. Treatment achieved by incubating tissues BVLE under same conditions. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K + ATPase), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ENTPDase), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F-1,6-BPase) were all measured in tissues. We identified bioactive compounds present using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molecular docking dynamic simulations done a approach. induction (p < 0.05) decreased activities GSH, SOD, CAT, ENTPDase. In contrast, also resulted significant increase MDA NO levels an ATPase, G6Pase, F-1,6-BPase activities. treatment reduced these compared control levels. An HPLC investigation revealed fifteen BVLE, quercetin being most abundant. molecular MDS analysis suggest that schaftoside may be effective allosteric inhibitor fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase based interacting residues subsequent loop conformation. These findings indicate B. can protect against injury suppressing stress, acetylcholinesterase, purinergic while regulating carbohydrate dysmetabolism.